Air Pollution and Glaucoma

A systematic review published today has highlighted the significant impact of environmental factors on glaucoma progression, helping to expand our understanding beyond traditional risk factors like intraocular pressure (IOP). Studies have identified several key environmental influences, including air pollution, lifestyle habits, and dietary factors.

Long-term exposure to fine particulate matter, specifically PM2.5 which is the most common air pollutant, has been associated with an increased risk of glaucoma. And interestingly, primary angle-closure glaucoma with middle-aged adults and non-smokers showing heightened susceptibility. The mechanisms underlying these associations likely involve oxidative stress and inflammatory responses triggered by environmental toxins, potentially damaging retinal ganglion cells.

Dietary interventions, including antioxidant-rich foods and specific supplements like nicotinamide, can play a key role in mitigating enviornmental glaucoma risk and progression. Additionally, lifestyle modifications, such as regular aerobic exercise and mindfulness practices have shown promise in potentially offering neuroprotective effects as well as lowing IOP.

These findings underscore the importance of a holistic approach to glaucoma management, integrating environmental risk reduction strategies alongside traditional IOP lowering treatment. Future research should focus on targeting precise biological pathways through which environmental factors like PM2.5 pollutants influence glaucoma development and progression, as well as evaluating the efficacy of targeted interventions addressing these modifiable risk factors.